Cpp Arrays

C++ arrays

Created By: chatGPT

Arrays in C++ are a collection of elements of the same type stored in contiguous memory locations. They allow you to store multiple items in a single variable, rather than declaring separate variables for each value. You can define an array using the following syntax:

data_type array_name[array_size];

For example, to create an array of integers to store five numbers, you would write:

int numbers[5];

You can also initialize an array at the time of declaration by providing a list of values in curly braces. Here's how you can initialize the above array with values:

int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

Accessing elements in an array is done using the index, which starts at 0. To access the first element of the above array, you would use:

int firstNumber = numbers[0];

You can also use a loop to iterate through arrays. A simple for loop to print all elements of the array looks like this:

for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    std::cout << numbers[i] << " ";
}

Here's a complete example demonstrating declaration, initialization, and iteration over an array.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        std::cout << numbers[i] << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}

In situations where the size of the array is not known at compile-time, you can use the std::vector from the Standard Template Library (STL). Vectors are dynamic arrays that can change size during runtime. Here’s how you can declare and use a vector:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

    for(int i = 0; i < numbers.size(); i++) {
        std::cout << numbers[i] << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}