Cpp Structs

C++ structs

Created By: chatGPT

Structs in C++ are a way to group related variables together into a single unit. They allow you to create user-defined data types to represent complex data structures. Let's look at an example of how to define and use structs in C++.

struct Person {
    std::string name;
    int age;
    float height;
};

In the example above, we have defined a struct called Person that contains three member variables: name, age, and height. Now you can create instances of this struct to store personal information.

int main() {
    Person person1;
    person1.name = "Alice";
    person1.age = 30;
    person1.height = 5.6;

    Person person2;
    person2.name = "Bob";
    person2.age = 25;
    person2.height = 5.9;

    return 0;
}

You can also define a constructor inside your struct to initialize member variables at the time of creating an instance. This makes the code cleaner and ensures that your variables are set correctly.

struct Person {
    std::string name;
    int age;
    float height;

    Person(std::string n, int a, float h) {
        name = n;
        age = a;
        height = h;
    }
};

Here's how you would use the constructor to create instances of Person:

int main() {
    Person person1("Alice", 30, 5.6);
    Person person2("Bob", 25, 5.9);

    return 0;
}

You can also create an array of structs for dealing with multiple records. For instance, if you want to keep a list of Person structs, you can easily do so.

int main() {
    Person people[3];
    people[0] = Person("Alice", 30, 5.6);
    people[1] = Person("Bob", 25, 5.9);
    people[2] = Person("Charlie", 28, 5.8);

    return 0;
}

To access or modify the members of a struct, use the dot operator. For example, to print out the details of each person in the array we just created, you can use the following code:

int main() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        std::cout << "Name: " << people[i].name;
        std::cout << ", Age: " << people[i].age;
        std::cout << ", Height: " << people[i].height << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}